What is Cervical Spondylosis?

Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative condition affecting the vertebrae, discs, and ligaments of the cervical spine (neck). The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae, beginning at the base of the skull. As this condition progresses, bone spurs (osteophytes) may develop along the edges of the vertebrae. Over time, the spinal discs become thinner and lose their ability to absorb shock.



Symptoms of Cervical Spondylosis

Many individuals with cervical spondylosis do not experience symptoms. When symptoms are present, they may include:

  • Pain around the shoulder blade
  • Pain radiating to the arms and fingers
  • Muscle weakness
  • Difficulty lifting the arms or holding objects
  • Headaches that radiate to the back of the head
  • Tingling or numbness in the shoulders and arms


Causes of Cervical Spondylosis

Cervical spondylosis is commonly caused by factors such as:

  • Aging (common after age 40)
  • Wear and tear of the cervical spine over time
  • Previous neck injuries
  • Bony spurs
  • Dehydrated or herniated spinal discs
  • Ligament stiffness
  • Overuse due to activities or occupational strain
  • Repetitive movements or heavy lifting


Diagnosis of Cervical Spondylosis

Diagnosis is often based on physical exams and imaging studies such as:

  • Physical examination to check reflexes, muscle strength, and sensory function
  • X-rays to detect bone spurs or osteophytes
  • CT scan for detailed images of the neck
  • MRI to locate pinched nerves
  • Myelogram with dye to enhance imaging of the spine
  • Nerve function tests such as electromyography to assess muscle activity


Treatment Options for Cervical Spondylosis


Medications

Treatment may include:

  • Muscle relaxants
  • Narcotics
  • Antiepileptic drugs
  • Steroid injections
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Always consult a doctor before taking medication.


Surgery

Surgery may be recommended for severe or progressive cases. Surgical options include:

  • Foraminotomy
  • Anterior cervical discectomy with or without fusion
  • Cervical arthroplasty
  • Posterior decompression for multi-level compression


Physiotherapy for Cervical Spondylosis

Physiotherapy plays a critical role in managing cervical spondylosis. Common therapies include:

  • Thermotherapy: Heat therapy to increase circulation and relieve pain
  • Cryotherapy: Cold packs to soothe sore muscles
  • Ultrasound therapy: Increases blood flow and reduces inflammation
  • Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): Helps relieve pain and swelling
  • Interferential therapy: Stimulates nerves, reduces pain, and improves circulation
  • Neck braces: Temporary use for pain relief, but long-term use can weaken muscles
  • Massage therapy: Reduces pain, increases blood flow, and relieves muscle spasms
  • Manual therapy: Improves function by enhancing the range of motion
  • Thrust manipulation: Cervical traction to reduce stress on the neck
  • Non-thrust manipulation: Techniques such as posterior-anterior glides to improve mobility
  • Soft tissue mobilization: Relieves pain and increases neck flexibility
  • Range of motion exercises: Improves neck movement through simple exercises
  • Neck stretching exercises: Reduces stiffness and increases flexibility
  • Strengthening exercises: Builds neck muscle strength through isometric and isotonic exercises


Patient Education

Patients are advised to maintain proper spinal alignment while sitting and standing and to take regular breaks to avoid staying in the same position for long periods.

By following these steps, individuals with cervical spondylosis can effectively manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.